(12) In certain NENA languages the brand new preterite from Group II verbs features a good vocalism (m)CoCiC- otherwise (m)CuCiC- with no precursor in the last languages. Noldeke (1868, 213) advised that the progressive mode is pertaining to the newest Hebrew pual. Examples: Aradhin mbusille ‘he cooked’ (Krotkoff 1982, 136), Tkhuma mso:re:li ‘I began’, Jilu +poltele ‘he took it out’ (Fox 1992, 54). Variations which have o otherwise you was absent additional NENA as well as have in lots of of the NENA languages: Hertevin, Sanandaj Christian, and you can Halabja: Halabja bqirraxun ‘you (pl.) asked’, Hertevin bqerre ‘he asked’ (Jastrow 1988, 206).
(13) The overall establish are designated of the a good prefix in most NENA except Hertevin along with Mandaic and in Turoyo. The new prefix takes certainly one of around three models: (a) k- toward all of the verbs (complex so you can c- in Urmi, stretched to help you ko- in advance of consonants in Turoyo, plus Zakho to be g- prior to a spoken phoneme); (b) k- but only toward a limited class of verbs (which includes voicing intake and sometimes other changes too); otherwise (c) i- into the most of the verbs.
Examples: (a) Zakho k-xaze ‘he sees’, g-emir ‘he says’ (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 182), Urmi csader ‘he sends’ (Hetzron 1969, 115), Turoyo kohoze ‘he sees’, Tisqopa ksaqIl ‘he takes’ (Rubba, individual interaction); (b) Halabja k-ImrIx-wa ‘we create say’, however, doqIx-wa-le ‘we carry out to see it’, Azerbaijan k-xil ‘he takes, will eat’, however, sate ‘he drinks, have a tendency to, get drink’ (Garbell 1965, 66, 67); (c) Aradhin we-zare:los angeles ‘he tills it’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70), Jilu we-napli baro ‘they die besten nach Alter Dating-Seite pursue her’ (Fox 1992, 55).
The brand new k- prefix is apparently a survival of your prefix qa- from BT, as in the latest common qatane ‘he teaches’. elizabeth ‘stands’. In a few eastern dialects the new shipments away from k- happens to be limited by a tiny class of verbs (Garbell 1965, 65). In other people, this has disappeared and you may become replaced of the a special prefix we-, which most likely began due to the fact a lower life expectancy form of we[Theta] ‘there is’.
Examples: Halabja geznawa ta knista ‘I visits new synagogue’, Aradhin tla t-sapri ‘to wait’, Jilu zIlli l-yawa zuze tla da kIcca ‘I went to offer money so you’re able to good girl’, Tisqopa [Theta]e:li ta di-mbaslan ‘I (fem
(14) The newest verb ‘give’ try yehav when you look at the BT, and yav for the Syriac. This has been remade throughout NENA languages from incorporation of your after the l- ‘to’. The brand new imperative, which was hav for the Syriac and BT, is actually hal (Noldeke 1868, 256) in most NENA which I’ve information, but not in the Turoyo otherwise Mandaic.
(15) Throughout NENA, the newest only 1 vital of qyama ‘get up’ has shed their finally m: Aradhin qu (Krotkoff 1982, 145), Sanandaj Religious qu (Panoussi, 110). The latest plural, although not, keeps the newest meters.
(16) In all NENA, new crucial regarding (i)zala ‘go’ try abnormal: Aradhin quand (Krotkoff 1982, 147), Sanandaj Christian state (Panoussi 119), Jilu se, Jewish Azerbaijani quand (Garbell 1965, 285).
(17) Around the NENA, a number of different terms and conditions are utilized just like the base to have reflexive pronouns for example ‘myself’. He could be: ruh- within the Hertevin and in Turoyo, nos- from the about three easternmost Jewish languages, and you may gyan- throughout the leftover languages: Hertevin ruhan ‘ourselves’ (Jastrow 1988, 197), Zakho qtala gyane ‘beating himself’ (Meehan and you can Alon 1982, 181), Halabja nosan ‘ourselves’.
So it qa- are alone good contraction away from qa?
(18) A new preposition meaning ‘to’ or ‘for’ which takes the proper execution ta, tla, or tla is common, though not common, within the NENA, but not found in Mandaic otherwise Turoyo. ) stumbled on cook’ (Rubba, individual communication), Zakho cuxa los angeles psIxle darga story ‘no that established the doorway to him’ (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 182).